育龄妇女、孕妇及乳母碘营养状况调查

目的 了解缺碘地区食用合格碘盐的育龄妇女和孕妇及乳母碘营养状况。方法 对病区育龄妇女和孕妇及乳母进行观察。采用酸消化砷铈接触法及全定量直接滴定法分别检测尿碘，乳碘和盐碘含量。结果 育龄妇女和孕妇及乳母尿碘含量分别为219.37μg/L，203.98μg/L，178.55μg/L，尿碘值小于100μg/L占24.14%，三组人群尿碘水平依次降低，但差异未显示统计学意义；乳碘值为122.72μg/L，小于100μg/L达33.93%，提示应关注特需人群的碘营养问题。结论 应开展对育龄妇女和孕妇及乳母的尿碘监测。以指导合理补碘，防止胎儿和婴幼儿碘营养不良的发生。     

山东省德州地区已婚育龄妇女弓形虫筛查状况分析

目的:了解已婚育龄妇女弓形虫感染情况以及探讨弓形虫的感染途径、感染与不良生育的关系。方法:于1998年12月～2000年12月采用ELISE方法对1042例育龄妇女进行了TOX-IgM的筛查及有关情况调查。结果:本市已婚育龄妇女TOX-IgM平均感染率为12.18％,正常妊娠组及不良生育组显著高于未孕组(P<0.05);郊区妇女高于市区妇女(P<0.05);有动物接触史及有生食习惯的妇女显著高于无接触史及生食习惯者(P<0.05)。结论:TOX感染是引起不良生育的重要原因之一。建议育龄妇女孕前孕期加强TOX筛查工作,以及早诊治;加强健康教育,改变不良生活习惯;加强水源、粪便等卫生管理。     

Cyclic hormonal replacement therapy after the menopause: Transdermal versus oral treatment

Summary In an open, randomized, comparative, between-patient trial, 45 postmenopausal women were treated for 4 months with cyclical transdermal oestradiol 0.05 mg per day or oral conjugated equine oestrogens 0.625 mg per day, in both cases, plus, medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg per day on the last 8 days of each cycle. Similar relief from postmenopausal symptoms was obtained with both treatments. Post-treatment histological evaluation of the endometrium did not reveal neoplastic or hyperplastic change in any patient.Early follicular-phase plasma oestradiol levels were observed only after transdermal oestradiol. There was a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in both treatment groups, with no difference between treatments, whereas serum triglyceride levels were decreased only by transdermal oestradiol. Plasma calcium and phosphorus fell significantly and serum intact parathyroid hormone rose significantly, with no difference between the therapies. No significant changes were observed in clotting factors.Transdermal oestradiol appears to be an effective and safe hormonal replacement therapy, and this route of administration may be responsible for the more useful action of the drug on serum lipids and plasma oestradiol levels.     

长沙地区孕妇CMV感染状况及其临床追踪观察

研究了７７例长沙地区孕、产妇的宫颈排毒（ＣＭＶ）情况及母、婴的免疫状态，并对宫颈排毒及ＣＭＶ一ＩｇＭ阳性的母亲所生小孩进行临床追踪。结果显示：孕妇宫颈排毒率为４．５％，抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ和抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性率分别为７７％和１３％，５９例脐血ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阴性。宫颈排毒的３例其抗体检测抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ均阳性，抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ仅一例阳性。作者认为，对妊娠期活动性ＣＭＶ感染的诊断，仅检测抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ和抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ抗体滴度仍不足，尚须结合病毒分离和其它检测手段。     

Infant and Neonatal Mortality for Primary Cesarean and Vaginal Births to Women with “No Indicated Risk,” United States, 1998–2001 Birth Cohorts

ABSTRACT: Background: The percentage of United States’ births delivered by cesarean section has increased rapidly in recent years, even for women considered to be at low risk for a cesarean section. The purpose of this paper is to examine infant and neonatal mortality risks associated with primary cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery for singleton full‐term (37–41 weeks’ gestation) women with no indicated medical risks or complications. Methods: National linked birth and infant death data for the 1998–2001 birth cohorts (5,762,037 live births and 11,897 infant deaths) were analyzed to assess the risk of infant and neonatal mortality for women with no indicated risk by method of delivery and cause of death. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model neonatal survival probabilities as a function of delivery method, and sociodemographic and medical risk factors. Results: Neonatal mortality rates were higher among infants delivered by cesarean section (1.77 per 1,000 live births) than for those delivered vaginally (0.62). The magnitude of this difference was reduced only moderately on statistical adjustment for demographic and medical factors, and when deaths due to congenital malformations and events with Apgar scores less than 4 were excluded. The cesarean/vaginal mortality differential was widespread, and not confined to a few causes of death. Conclusions: Understanding the causes of these differentials is important, given the rapid growth in the number of primary cesareans without a reported medical indication. (BIRTH 33:3 September 2006)     

已婚育龄妇女9638例弓形虫感染检测结果调查分析

目的:了解已婚育龄妇女弓形虫感染情况及感染与不良生育的关系。方法:于2 0 0 1年5月至2 0 0 3年12月由我站对全县已婚育龄妇女进行查体,同时抽取血液,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(EL ISA)对弓形虫特异性抗体(TOX-Ig M、Ig G)进行测定。同时对筛查对象作有关情况调查。结果:本县已婚妇女弓形虫感染率6 .1%。与正常妊娠组比较,已婚未育组感染率差异有显著性(χ2 =4 .83,P<0 .0 5 ) ;异常妊娠组差异有极显著性(χ2 =16 .5 2 ,P<0 .0 1)且有动物接触史及有生食习惯者感染率明显高于无动物接触史及无生食习惯者(P<0 .0 1)。结论:弓型虫感染是引起不良生育的主要原因之一,建议已婚育龄妇女孕前加强筛查工作,早诊断、早治疗,确保生一个健康聪明的下一代。     

Women's Health Medicine 3:3 (May-June 2006) Self-appraisal Women and the ovary

Women and the ovary: self-appraisal     

微柱凝胶法在检测孕妇IgG抗体中的应用研究

目的:探讨微柱凝胶法检测对孕妇产前IgG抗体效价的应用价值。方法:对我院120例门诊和住院O型待产孕妇采取微柱凝胶法检测血型抗体IgG。结果:当抗体效价≥64时,才使新生儿发生HDN;当抗体效价达到1024时,发病率达到100%。结论:微柱凝胶法检测灵敏度高,对检验孕妇产前IgG抗体效价具有较高的临床应用价值,可在基层进行推广和应用。